A brief history of the numeric keypad
Picture the keypad of a telephone and calculator side by side. Can you see the subtle difference between the two without resorting to your smartphone? Don’t worry if you can’t recall the design. Most of us are so used to accepting the common interfaces that we tend to overlook the calculator’s inverted key sequence. A calculator has the 7–8–9 buttons at the top whereas a phone uses the 1–2–3 format.
Typewriters, Cash Registers, and Calculators
Looking at the key arrangement, I was curious to learn when the system of using keys was introduced in the history of machines. The keyboard came about sometime between the first and second industrial revolutions (from 1820 to 1920). Some inventors had already begun experimenting with machines similar to pianos in the late 18th century.
However, it wasn’t until 1844 that a Frenchman by the name of Jean-Baptiste Schwilguć came up with the first working prototype of a key-driven calculator machine. This machine used the first numerical keyboard with a single row of keys that increased from 1 to 9 (Dalakov, 2018).
In all fairness, though, we have to mention two predecessors that could claim they invented the key-based interface. In 1834, Luigi Torchi reportedly showed a prototype of a wooden calculator, with a design similar to the typewriter. In 1822, author James White’s New Century of Inventions showed a key-based device with nine numeric keys. Neither one stood up to the test of time, nor no proof was given that they weren’t just fantasy (Durant, 2011).
English 
Georgian
comment obtenir la prescription kamagra en ligne at 8:31 am, August 17, 2025 -
achetez kamagra le lendemain, commande de livraison fedex le lendemain kamagra cod
medicament kamagra tablette pharmacie avalez
online order enclomiphene buy uk no prescription at 10:20 am, August 17, 2025 -
discount enclomiphene generic best price
cheap enclomiphene usa cheap
buy androxal with no prescription at 11:13 am, August 17, 2025 -
ordering androxal purchase tablets
online order androxal price canada
buying flexeril cyclobenzaprine canada fast shipping at 12:54 pm, August 17, 2025 -
buy flexeril cyclobenzaprine uk cheap purchase buy
how to get flexeril cyclobenzaprine prescription
ordering dutasteride where to purchase at 1:15 pm, August 17, 2025 -
discount dutasteride canada fast shipping
buying dutasteride american express canada
BUY gabapentin COD at 1:56 pm, August 17, 2025 -
how to order gabapentin usa sales
order gabapentin price at walmart
how to buy fildena no prescription needed at 2:53 pm, August 17, 2025 -
online order fildena generic canada
fildena no prescription drug
buy cheap itraconazole cheap online canada at 4:06 pm, August 17, 2025 -
order itraconazole canada with no prescription
how to order itraconazole canada how to buy
order staxyn price on prescription at 2:34 am, August 18, 2025 -
discount staxyn generic pharmacy canada
buy staxyn generic staxyns
ordering avodart australia no prescription at 4:14 am, August 18, 2025 -
online order avodart buy online canada
buy cheap avodart cheap genuine
discount xifaxan usa generic at 5:20 am, August 18, 2025 -
buy cheap xifaxan usa online pharmacy
pharmacy canada xifaxan
how to order rifaximin canada mail order at 5:55 am, August 18, 2025 -
how to buy rifaximin american pharmacy
get rifaximin generic canada
fedex kamagra přes noc at 8:22 am, August 18, 2025 -
necesito comprar kamagra en chile
k nákupu kamagra není potřeba žádné r x
how much cannabis can you get from one plant at 11:36 am, November 2, 2025 -
cannabis edibles for creativity spark new inspiration
ilotto at 6:52 am, December 4, 2025 -
Gotta try your luck somewhere, right? ilotto is another option for those lottery dreams. Go for it! ilotto
ph365login at 11:35 pm, December 6, 2025 -
Really insightful post! Thinking about skill development in gaming, I stumbled upon ph 365 login – a platform focused on actually teaching strategy, not just playing. Seems like a solid approach to leveling up!
23win01bet at 3:55 pm, December 8, 2025 -
23Win01Bet, straight up, the website looks clean and modern. Easy to navigate on my phone. They have a good range of casino games, and even some esports betting, which is cool. Overall, a solid experience. Check it: 23win01bet
gamebetapp at 2:57 pm, December 13, 2025 -
Okay, I tried out gamebetapp, and it’s pretty cool so far. Interface is clean and they are always updating the platform so there’s always something new. Check it here: gamebetapp
plusace24 at 6:14 am, December 20, 2025 -
Been sticking with plusace24 for a while now. They’re pretty consistent. Never had any issues so far. Thumbs up! plusace24
agent747ph at 4:08 pm, December 28, 2025 -
Need a reliable agent for 747 in the Philippines? I’ve had good experiences with agent747ph. Worth checking if you’re looking around.
jjwin01 at 11:16 pm, December 29, 2025 -
Looking for a new spot? jjwin01.com might be it, I have heard good things. Just depo’ed! Wish me luck! I think they provide good services here jjwin01.
mg bet at 9:41 am, December 30, 2025 -
Mg bet, alright. Haven’t spent too much time there myself, but seen it mentioned around. Might be worth checking their odds. Here you go: mg bet
jljl22 at 4:19 pm, January 3, 2026 -
Understanding basic strategy really shifts how you see blackjack! Seeing those quick deposit options at jljl22 download apk makes getting in the game so easy, too. Great post – helped clarify a lot!
tf88link at 5:52 am, January 7, 2026 -
TF88link, the official link? Good to know so I don’t end up on some scam site. Nice find! Check them out here: tf88link
s666casino at 7:11 am, January 8, 2026 -
Alright, time to give s666casino a try. Wish me luck, boys! Maybe this one will be a winner. Here’s the link: s666casino!
earn php at 5:18 am, January 13, 2026 -
Fascinating history! The evolution from single-row keys to inverted layouts shows how interface design adapts to user behavior. In gaming platforms like earn php, we see similar UX optimization – where button placement directly impacts user engagement and transaction speed. Great read on design anthropology!
234vip22 at 11:32 pm, January 17, 2026 -
Giving a shot at 234vip22. Website looks clean and is easy to understand. Seems promising, will update after I’ve played a bit more. Go see for yourself at 234vip22.
73betcom at 11:32 pm, January 17, 2026 -
Just signed up on 73betcom. The registration was easy and I like their layout. Let’s get this bread folks! 73betcom.
3388betcom at 11:32 pm, January 17, 2026 -
3388betcom, eh? I’ve browsed around. It’s not the fanciest site, but it gets the job done. If you’re looking for something straightforward, this might be it. Here’s the site: 3388betcom
s92betgame at 9:25 pm, January 20, 2026 -
Alright, s92betgame, let’s see what you got! Ready to test my luck and maybe win some cheddar. s92betgame
phfun11comlogin at 9:25 pm, January 20, 2026 -
Yo, if you are looking to log into phfun11com, This place is direct. No hassles, just the login page. Go get em at phfun11comlogin.
arionplaylogin at 9:26 pm, January 20, 2026 -
Logging into Arionplay is pretty straightforward with arionplaylogin. Simple and quick, which is exactly what you want when you’re trying to get your game on. arionplaylogin
eejlcasinosignin at 2:39 am, January 21, 2026 -
So, I tried eejlcasinosignin the other day, and the sign-in was a breeze! No waiting forever, just straight to the games. Thumbs up for that! Fast and efficient! eejlcasinosignin
juan365login at 2:39 am, January 21, 2026 -
Hey I was browsing for juan365login and the page loaded nice and fast! Not something you can say about all websites these days, LOL Get in and create your account here juan365login
lodigame at 2:40 am, January 21, 2026 -
Lodigame! Been playing it for a while now, and it keeps me entertained. Simple but fun. Anyone else a Lodigame fan? Check it out: lodigame
ne88 at 12:23 pm, January 24, 2026 -
NE88? Oh yeah, that’s a regular stop for me after work. Solid platform, quick payouts, and never a dull moment. Give it a spin, you might just get lucky. ne88
tatuaje777 at 12:23 pm, January 24, 2026 -
Tatuaje777, huh? Sounds cool. I actually had a blast playing on there last weekend. Plenty of options and the bonuses were pretty sweet. Definitely worth a look. tatuaje777
linkdubaicasino at 12:23 pm, January 24, 2026 -
Linkdubaicasino? Had some friends mention it. I hopped on last night, super smooth experience. Great selection and pretty decent odds. linkdubaicasino
jljl9 at 7:50 pm, January 24, 2026 -
jljl9 https://www.jljl9w.com
dito777 at 8:07 pm, January 24, 2026 -
dito777 https://www.fdito777.com
kkjili at 2:16 pm, January 26, 2026 -
KKJILI Casino Philippines: Easy Login, Register & App Download for Top Online Slots. Experience the ultimate gaming at KKJILI Casino Philippines! Quick kkjili login and register to play top-rated kkjili slot games. Get the kkjili app download for seamless mobile casino action and start winning today. visit: kkjili
bingoplusapp at 10:37 am, January 31, 2026 -
Interesting read! Seeing huge growth in online gaming, especially in the Philippines – over 340% is impressive. Checking out platforms like bingo plus app legit to see what’s driving that engagement. Data-driven gameplay is key these days!
jilitt2026 at 5:20 pm, January 31, 2026 -
Interesting read! Basic strategy is key, but a smooth platform really enhances the experience. Heard good things about the security at jilitt 2026 apk – crucial for peace of mind while playing live dealer games. Solid article!